The automaker announced in June and July that it would close 15 U.S. factories employing about 22,000 workers by end of 2012.
Spokeswoman Sherrie Childers-Arb said the number of layoffs has yet to be determined because some workers at closed factories could take open jobs at other factories.
One of the closed factories in Michigan will be reopened to make a new subcompact car, while two others in Spring Hill, Tenn., and Janesville, Wis.., will close and be on "standby" in case sales rise and GM needs to reopen them.
GM said in a statement that most of the workers officially left the company's employment on Saturday.
Sixty-five percent of the workers took early retirement packages, while 35 percent took buyouts, the company said. About 40 percent of the 6,000 were skilled trades workers, with the remainder coming from the production work force.
Diana Tremblay, vice president of labor relations, said in the statement that the reductions are needed to position GM for long-term viability.
"Results of this special attrition program will help GM lower its employment cost and close the competitive gap" with Japanese automakers that have U.S. factories, she said.
She called the acceptance rate a success, given that it was the second round of offers this year. In March, about 7,000 workers took a previous round of early retirement or buyout offers.
By the end of the year, GM's hourly work force will be less than one-tenth of what it was at its peak of 468,000 in 1979. About 66,000 U.S. hourly workers have left GM under buyouts or early retirements since 2006.
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