In a Tweet posted Sunday night, Sheriff Ed Gonzalez says Bayron Rivera has been charged with four counts of aggravated assault.
Authorities say a family of four, including two children, are still in the hospital.
The incident happened Thursday around 9:30 p.m.
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Authorities say the father of the family got into some sort of argument with Rivera. Rivera then pulled out a gun, and the father tried to drive off.
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Deputies say Rivera shot at the car, which set off fireworks in the vehicle, causing it to catch fire.
"Family had bought fireworks. It is believed gunfire struck the fireworks causing them to ignite," Harris County Sheriff Ed Gonzalez said.
Dramatic video shows flames overtaking the car.
And new surveillance video from a nearby gas station captured the moment the fireworks exploded.
Surveillance video shows fireworks exploding after road rage suspect fires shot in truck
The two children, a 1-year-old and a 2-year-old, suffered extensive burns and are in critical condition.
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Investigators said some good Samaritans came to the rescue to help the family to an ER clinic.