Marvin Smith is charged with aggravated assault with a deadly weapon.
The Manvel Police Department said the shooting happened during an argument at about 9 p.m. at a home on Signal Hill Drive in the Rodeo Palms Subdivision.
When officers arrived, they found a man in his 20s who was shot in the stomach. The man was flown to Memorial Hermann Downtown with possible life-threatening injuries, according to police.
Smith was arrested at the scene and taken to the Brazoria County Sheriff's Office Detention Center.
Investigators didn't say how the men are related.