Deputies responded to the crash in the 3000 block of the Crosby Freeway on Friday night.
The Harris County Sheriff's Office said a 21-year-old man was driving northbound when, for an unknown reason, he swerved into the work site and hit two construction workers.
Sheriff Ed Gonzalez said one lane was closed and the other was partially blocked while workers were removing pavement lane markings during the accident.
Deputy M. Chagoya with HCSO said both workers were rushed to the hospital by LifeFlight, where one was pronounced dead, and the other was reportedly critically injured.
According to Gonzalez, the worker who died was 32 years old, and the injured worker is 40.
Chagoya said the driver showed no signs of intoxication and passed a field sobriety test.
Gonzalez said the driver stayed at the scene and is cooperating with the investigation. He did not say whether the driver is facing any charges.