The move by the Food and Drug Administration tweaks the recipe of shots made by Pfizer and rival Moderna that already have saved millions of lives. The hope is that the modified boosters will blunt yet another winter surge.
"These vaccine formulations will contain against the original strain of the virus as well as the most recent Omicron strains," said Dr. Benjamin Singer, with Northwestern Medicine.
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"You'll see me at the front of the line," FDA vaccine chief Dr. Peter Marks told The Associated Press shortly before his agency cleared the new doses.
Until now, COVID-19 vaccines have targeted the original coronavirus strain, even as wildly different mutants emerged. The new U.S. boosters are combination, or "bivalent," shots. They contain half that original vaccine recipe and half protection against the newest omicron versions, called BA.4 and BA.5, that are considered the most contagious yet.
The combination aims to increase cross-protection against multiple variants.
"It really provides the broadest opportunity for protection," Pfizer vaccine chief Annaliesa Anderson told the AP.
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The updated booster will replace the current booster and is only for people who have already taken their primary doses. The federal agency said the modified vaccine should be taken two months after your last shot. However, the FDA did not give a recommendation on a time frame if you have had COVID recently, although, doctors predict it may be similar.
Doses made by Pfizer and its partner BioNTech are for anyone 12 and older who's due for a booster while Moderna's updated shots are for adults. They're not to be used for initial vaccinations.
"I assume if you've had recent COVID infection, as long as it's more than two months after infection, you should get the surge," said Dr. Max Brito, a UIC infectious disease specialist.
The FDA has high hopes the new booster will be better at preventing infection and will last longer.
The goal is to move toward an annual tweaked shot, similar to the flu.
"The mRNA technology is very versatile, so you can tweak a couple things with the vaccine to get it to be effective against a new strain," Brito said.
There's one more step before a fall booster campaign begins: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention must recommend who should get the additional shot. An influential CDC advisory panel will debate the evidence Thursday - including whether people at high risk from COVID-19 should go first.
The U.S. has purchased more than 170 million doses from the two companies. Pfizer said it could ship up to 15 million of those doses by the end of next week.
The big question is whether people weary of vaccinations will roll up their sleeves again. Just half of vaccinated Americans got the first recommended booster dose, and only a third of those 50 and older who were urged to get a second booster did so.
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It's time for U.S. authorities to better explain that the public should expect an updated COVID-19 vaccination every so often, just like getting a fall flu shot or a tetanus booster after stepping on a rusty nail, said University of Pennsylvania immunologist E. John Wherry.
"We need to rebrand it in a societally normal-looking way," rather than a panicked response to new mutants, Wherry said. "Give a clear, forward-looking set of expectations."
"My view is full vaccination includes a booster," Dr. Singer said. "You really need the booster to have the best protection possible against Omicron."
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Here's the rub: The original vaccines still offer strong protection against severe disease and death from COVID-19 for most generally healthy people, especially if they got that important first booster dose. It's not clear just how much more benefit an updated booster will bring - beyond a temporary jump in antibodies capable of fending off an omicron infection.
One reason: The FDA cleared the modifications ahead of studies in people, a step toward eventually handling COVID-19 vaccine updates more like yearly flu shots.
First, FDA checked human studies of earlier Pfizer and Moderna attempts to update their vaccines - shots matching the omicron strain that struck last winter. That recipe change was safe, and substantially boosted antibodies targeting the earlier variant - better than another dose of the original vaccine - while adding a little protection against today's genetically distinct BA.4 and BA.5 omicron versions.
But FDA ordered the companies to brew even more up-to-date doses that target those newest omicron mutants instead, sparking a race to roll out shots in less than three months. Rather than waiting a few more months for additional human studies of that recipe tweak, Marks said animal tests showed the latest update spurs "a very good immune response."
Doctor explains new COVID booster made to target Omicron strain
Doctor explains new COVID booster made to target Omicron strain
The hope, he said, is that a vaccine matched to currently spreading variants might do a better job fighting infection, not just serious illness, at least for a while.
What's next? Even as modified shots roll out, Moderna and Pfizer are conducting human studies to help assess their value, including how they hold up if a new mutant comes along.
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And for children, Pfizer plans to ask FDA to allow updated boosters for 5- to 11-year-olds in early October.
It's the first U.S. update to the COVID-19 vaccine recipe, an important but expected next step -- like how flu vaccines get updated every year.
And the U.S. isn't alone. Britain recently decided to offer adults over 50 a different booster option from Moderna, a combo shot targeting that initial BA.1 omicron strain. European regulators are considering whether to authorize one or both of the updated formulas.
ABC7 Chicago and the Associated Press contributed to this post.