The incident was reported behind a church along Highway 59 at Payne Road.
The deputies were dispatched to the residence twice Friday night, and eventually found the woman's body.
Authorities arrested 55-year-old Jimmy Lane, who was inside the residence at the time.
It's not clear what led up to the shooting.
Lane has been booked into the Montgomery County jail with a charge of murder.
The victim's name has not been released.