It happened around 2 a.m. Thursday on Huffsmith-Kohrville Rd. outside Anointed Faith Family Church.
The victim was taken via LifeFlight to the hospital in critical condition, deputies say.
The suspect took off in a stolen red Honda after the shooting before being caught a short time later at a gas station on SH-99 and FM-2920.
Deputies say they also recovered a gun inside the car.
Investigators are working to determine a motive for the shooting.